Category: Feminist

  • The Death of America.

    The Death of America.

    We can disagree and still love each other unless your disagreement is rooted in my oppression and denial of my humanity and right to exist

    James Baldwin

    I have a theory: men are jealous of a women’s ability to create life. Destruction is noted in callous behavior in their younger years — the throwing of their toy cars, the hitting, slapping, touching, killing. He cries toward a female god, of women in witchcraft, or how she wishes to be in doctor offices and law firms and science labs or behind podiums. Before the patriarchy, animals became their first target [they were unable to talk back, only, more feasibly, scream]: killing, maiming, dissecting, selling, raping, until they derived some pleasure: Female orangutangs in prostitution circles for years, the control over breeding season as they mix chihuahua’s and Doberman’s, the statistical link of animal cruelty and serial killers, until they searched for something which held the equivalency of their human life — this time they wanted the power of knowing they could kill something akin to them, the struggle from which their pleasure could derive. [The, ‘I may not be able to create life, but I can dictate yours’ mentality, which has developed in the coming centuries.] 

    Of course, they needed inspiration… they became prophets, scribes, poets, a gender foundational to intelligence. Education was turned to the legal, the social, the economically integral as head of house, the political as ‘leaders’. Religion was constructed, forced upon the crippling bones of an empire, barely held together by screeching voices and murderous intentions — was it then, as the blood filled the space before them, that death was all their hands could proctor? Movies made them hero’s, books made them murderous, war was strictly ordered by them; the atomic bomb, chemical warfare, gas chambers, torture shaped by bronze statues and state guillotines, Greek myths depicting disease and loose heads — for man, it was easier to cut off the hand before one held it.  

    Did they look upon mothers with scorn, as they damned Eve for the thirst of want — crucified her mouth, tied ribbon around the throat, held hands over the eyes, until she was no longer a God, but a womb facing death. Was it the purity they could no longer garner themselves — the body composed in the blood of their mother — that woman then, needed to be punished? What to make of the virgin Mary, betrothed at 12, a mother — a creator — discarded for the man, the sacred son, the one who developed a voice from the calcium of her bones, damned for the flesh of her womb, given to a son which must caress the hand of the holy. 

    They have become refined in their methods of torture. Playful tones, sly hands meant to caress, and shirts for toddlers demanding their feet cemented to a future kitchen. Donned in white, with rings burned into fingers caked of dish soap, forced to walk in circles around his chair, city sidewalks, a grasping hand of an uncle. We become news stories, death upon death, martyred, served, punished, praised by few, dedicated by housewife, chopped up, blended, denied, sold, brain dead, raped, buried by the river, prostitutes, riddled in childbirth… [at the hand of pastors, fathers, boyfriends, [or most of all, never found] 

    Men constitute 99.3% of those arrested for child pornography offenses

    Men constitute 99% of those arreseted for mass shootings

    Men constitute 96% of those arrested for incest

    Men constitute 95% of those arrested for serious domestic abuse

    Men constitue 91% of those arrested for familicide

    A desperate attempt to know God, to prove their righteousness [power], through honor killings, acid attacks, megachurches, abortion bans, mass shootings, church in schools, until they become their own metaphorical god. A needed advantage after the knowing barrier of her ability to create and God’s ability to nurture life — he must by nature, assume a religious opposition by death, severing the cord from a womb — until God becomes a father, and soon, believe a man might just be God after all. 

    —-

    I suppose now it would be crucial to scream. March in streets, hands clenched and held, and as the photographs are taken of blotchy faces and burning lips, we can pose alongside a replica in our history books. I suppose. As it spans centuries, until the history books cannot keep up, loaded in black-and-white stills, lengthy in the next protest and country and overruling of their rights to hold their body as their own. I suppose. 

    Yell fire, I suppose. Die from sepsis, I suppose. Become a doctor, only to be called a nurse, I suppose. Drug yourself on valium and amphetamines, become the wife he has always wanted, I suppose. Die on magazine covers with a hand over each breast, I suppose. Be a black woman, toyed by the medical industry, noted that you do not carry any pain within your body, I suppose. Have your land stolen and your body sterilized as a Native American woman, I suppose. 

    Become a women destined to fall down the stairs, train tracks, suitcases, i suppose. Sacrifice my womb, hold its bloody, beating body apart from mine, apart from this flesh which can make a voice loud enough to drown out mine. How much would my skin be worth then? I suppose, not enough.  

    Be a woman, I suppose


    “Once upon a time there was a wicked witch and her name was

    Lilith

    Eve

    Hagar

    Jezebel

    Delilah

    Pandora

    Jahi

    Tamar

    and there was a wicked witch and she was also called a goddess and her names was

    Kali

    Fatima

    Artemis

    Hera

    Isis

    Mary

    Ishtar

    and there was a wicked witch and she was also called queen and her name was

    Bathsheba

    Vashti

    Cleopatra

    Helen

    Salomé

    Elizabeth

    Clyemnestra

    Medea

    and there was a wicked witch and she was also called witch and her name was

    Joan

    Circe

    Morgan le Fay

    Tiamat

    Maria Leonza

    Medusa

    and they had this in common: that they were feared, hated, desired, and worshiped”

    Andrea Dworkin, Woman Hating: A Radical Look at Sexuality (1974)


    To:

    Josseli Barnnica, Amber Thurman, Candi Miller, Nevaeh Crain, Kyleigh Thurman, Kiersten Hogan, Elizabeth Weller, Mylissa Farmer, Amanda Zurawski, Jaci Statton, Kristen Anaya, Cristina Nuñez, Kylie Beaton, Samantha Casiano.


    “Look at that face, would anyone vote for that, can you imagine that that as the face of our next president”

    Trump

    “Are you going up the escalator? Yea. Im going to be dating her in ten years” (She was eight)

    Trump

    “I don’t even wait. And when you’re a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. Grab them by the pussy. [You] can do anything. “

    Trump

    “[Stern] Let me give you a hypothetical. Melania is in a horrible car accident, her body is fine except for the fact that her left arm is paralyzed. [Trump] ‘How do the breast look?’ [Sterne] ‘The breast are okay.’ [Trump] Okay, well that is important.”

    Trump

    [Trump on his one-year-old daughter] “She’s a really breautiful baby. She’s got Marla’s legs. We don’t know whether or not she got this part yet [Trump then points to the breast], but time will tell”

    Trump

    “If Ivanka were not my daughter perhaps I’d be dating her.”

    Trump

    “I’ll tell you the funniest is that i’ll go backstage before a show, and everyone is getting dressed and ready and everything else. And I’m allowed to go in because I’m the owner of the pagent. And therfore I am inspecting it. ‘Is everyone ok?’ You lnow they’re standing there with no clothes.[laughs] ‘Is everybody ok?’ [laughs]”

    Trump


    By now, I wish to make this article clear. A week later, I speak on the devastation of hearing the election results — of watching another qualified, strong woman be devalued, picked apart, slut shamed, and cast aside, not only for simply being a woman, but also being a black woman in the United States.

    There was a loud distaste from my corner of the house growing up — a burning, sobbing, moment of a young girl burdened by a skin, made from the women of another. In trying to find my identity i cried for black women, people of color all around the world, of those homeless, the millions in the foster care system, those apart of the LGBTQ+ community, the disabled, the starving, the veterans sold the American dream and riddled in PTSD, I suppose you must understand where I am coming from here. 

    Within those foundation years of a women’s life, which may seem to be all, but more specifically I am speaking upon those brutal teenage years, the years filled with boxes on a bedside table as you shape it around your waist and keep it filled with rubber bands. As your mind must be shaped by the advancement of others, of the sexual escapades you must be aware of to protect yourself, of the foods you must watch and the hobbies you need to just become, interesting. It is in those blistering school lights, first period, or the moment to breath at lunch, where you see the pre-occupied space, you must take up, squished alongside every other woman who has come before you. Sold alongside the American dream, fear must linger, like a father in the room beside you. You must dream of love, think too deeply of your madness and write about it [not intelligently, your progression could only be marked by the fanatical, you don’t know the ‘real’ world like a man], and by men’s desire of the feminine presentation, don’t think of politics, economics, physics, technology, law, finance, or the mind at all.  

    Instead, you should understand the man [the heroine, the one always wielding a sword, the leader, the one strong enough to kill you] and as the voting statics have announcing young men to be the most influential toward Trump’s campaign, this must simmer here: “Trump embodied an aggressive, testosterone-driven masculinity that many conservative evangelicals had already come to equate with a God given authority to lead”. It was this unfortunate mentality, man derived consequential connection between Trump and God, and unsurprising to a very similar group of people, he becomes their savior (from his increased tariffs? I am still trying to come up with their correlation here…) 

    Recently, Trump’s cabinet has been ‘formed’ for his next term in office — this reads like an episode from Family Guy, so please laugh with me.

    Elon Musk becomes the “Department of Government Efficiency”; Manipulates the stock market in order to further enrich himself on a regular basis; took on $13 billion in debt to purchase Twitter [how is this financially reasonable?]; He reinstated thousands of accounts belonging to prominent neo-Nazis, white nationalists, misogynists, anti-immigrant and transphobic figures; i feel like this one is self-explanatory…

    Matt Gaetz as “Attorney General” — accused of child sex trafficking, statutory rape, illicit drug use, underage sexual abuse, illegal drug use, sharing inappropriate images and videos on the House floor, misusing state identification records, converting campaign funds for personal use, and accepting impermissible gifts; invited alt-right Holocaust denier Charles C. Johnson to attend Donald Trump’s State of the Union address. Johnson previously raised money for the neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer; Gaetz’s office acknowledged that he spent $28,000 on speech-writing services, which is prohibited by House rules; Gaetz organized a “storming” of a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility on Capitol Hill by about two dozen Republican congressmen; tweeted “The mob wants to destroy America. We need PATRIOTS who will defend her” after Kyle Rittenhouse killed two people in protest — he then offered him a congressional internship.

    Tulsi Gabbard — “Director of National Intelligence” — raised on the teachings of the Science of Identity Foundation [criticized for their condemnation of homosexuality and hostility toward Islam have been heavily criticized.]; Successfully led opposition and protests to a state bill that would have legalized same-sex civil unions; She has no qualifications as an intelligence professional — a role which would oversee 18 intelligence agencies and over 70,000 people; an apologist for both the Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad and Russia’s Vladimir Putin 

    Pete Hegseth as “Secretary of Defense” — Fox News TV Host, never held a political role, is to assume the position of leading over a million troops in the United States; persuaded Trump to pardon three American soldiers accused or convicted of war crimes related to the shooting of non-combatants in Iraq; [his issue with education, speaking upon Harvard]: “that as conservatives and patriots, if we love this country, we can’t keep sending our kids and elevating them to universities that are poisoning their mind.”; Hegseth also criticized the US military slogan “our diversity is our strength”, calling it the “dumbest phrase on planet Earth”.; accused of committing sexual assault in a hotel room after speaking at a California Federation of Republican Women event in Monterey, California 

    Kristi Noem as “Homeland Security Secretary” — shot her pet dog to show she is willing to do anything ‘difficult, messy and ugly’ in politics; Noem co-sponsored legislation that would federally ban abortion; Noem used pandemic relief funds to promote tourism during a surge in cases in the state — She used $819,000 of those funds to have the state’s Department of Tourism run a 30-second Fox News commercial she narrated during the 2020 Republican National Convention; In 2019, Noem signed a bill into law abolishing South Dakota’s permit requirement to carry a concealed handgun; Noem opposes same-sex marriage. 

    Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as “US Health Secretary” – Not only would he be in charge of a multi-trillion-dollar budget, he has aired out two decades worth of false claims about vaccines [America, I hope you like Measels]; made the damaging claims that vaccines were linked to autism [I really cannot explain this for the millionth time]; The stock prices of vaccine makers like Moderna, Pfizer and Merck fell after Trump announced his pick. [I just had to add this in as I laughed when I read it]; He later tweeted, “psychedelics, peptides, stem cells, raw milk, hyperbaric therapies, chelating compounds, ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, vitamins, clean foods, sunshine, exercise, nutraceuticals and anything else that advances human health and can’t be patented”.[I have seen this pattern before, if you find yourself aware at this stage, go eat a pint of Ben and Jerry’s]; “Kennedy has described his position as advocating for medical freedom and raising concerns about government overreach in public health matter” [Are we beginning to see how hypocritical this is?] I would add on his drug felony, but apparently 34 means nothing, so I will let you make that very decisive decision. 

    Unsurprising, If he appointed Casey Anthony to Director and Child and Family Services, I would not be shocked.

    Quickly, there are a few points I wish to just leave here, on some text-filled paper, maybe to remember or for you to question: 

    A Few Constitutional freedoms revoked by Project 2025: 

    1. “Unitary executive theory” — entire federal bureaucracy will be placed under direct presidential control. The 922-page document proceeded to list the FBI as a “bloated, arrogant, increasingly lawless organization.” The proposal also extends to “declassif[ying] government records”  
    1. The closing of the Department of Education, an idea Trump has endorsed. Established in 1979, the program “oversees funding for public schools, administers student loans and runs programs to help low-income students” while also “enforc[ing] civil rights laws that prevents race or sex-based discrimination in federally funded schools.” 
    1. After being mentioned over 200 times in the document, abortion should be centered around data collection and “maintain a biblically based, social science-reinforced definition of marriage and family”. 
    1. Deportation is another main point of the document, where they have spoken to the mass deportation, eleven million in total, (a feat which would cost over 88 billion a year, even though the undocumented immigrants pay over 96 million in taxes in 2022 alone). The inhuman and ethical conditions which families are already subjected to, when Trump devised his wall in 2016, feature children in cages too young to list the names of their parents.  
    1. Climate — they propose to “slash federal money for research and investment in renewable energy and calls for the next president to “stop the war on oil and natural gas”. This eventually develops into the tariffs, which Trump extensively touches on with his campaign, yet people still seem unclear of what Tariffs mean… 

    I am just going to leave this here: “It proposes to eliminate a long list of terms from all laws and federal regulations, including “sexual orientation”, “gender equality”, “abortion” and “reproductive rights”. Following this idea of white America, it also wishes to “end diversity, equity and inclusion programs in schools and government departments” 


    Do men know of this rage or only the violence which they suppose, follows? 

    From my history, I know listing facts, statistics, articles leads me no listening ears — a severed connection of human interaction once again follows the history of American politics — and so I should write a monologue I suppose, yet I fear, all that I have learned, seen, felt, heard, will simply not matter. I can interject of the hope I had for the people [that is what matters right?] But hope was never a sought object, it was already commodified, ran through for the possibility of economic prosperity and teeth-clenching lies.  

    The United States of America has become a playground. Run by those who lack integrity and prize loyalty over ability, until it is left to crumble on the backs of millions of people. While I am sure my words lack eloquence, I do wish to make clear the rage I have felt and I am sure everyone around the world felt, so it feels necessary to end with: 

    “To the young people who are watching, it is okay to feel sad and disappointed, but please know it is going to be okay. On the campaign, I would often say, when we fight, we win. But here is the thing, sometimes the fight takes a while. That doesn’t mean we won’t win. That doesn’t mean we won’t win. The important thing is, don’t ever give up. Don’t ever give up. Don’t ever stop trying to make the world a better place” 

    Kamala Harris 


    “We have worked to hard and fought too long to see out daughters grow up in a world with fewer rights than our mothers”

    1900 – Women Gained Property and Wage Rights

    1910 – Women Could Wear Paints

    1920 – White Women Could Vote

    1963 – Women Gainted Equal Pay Right (Still Questionable)

    1965 – Black Women Could Vote

    1969 – Women were Allowed to Initate Dicorce from their Hisbands

    1972 – Women Could Get Birth Control, Without A Man

    1973 – Roe V. Wade

    1974 – Women Could Buy A Home, Without A Man

    1975 – Women Could Open a Bank Account Under Their Name

    1988 – Women Could Own Their Own Buisness, Without A Man

    1994 – Women Gained Legal Protection Against Domestic Violence

    2022 – Roe V. Wade Overturned


    Book recomendations, as reading is always political:

    I Who Have Never Known Men, Jacqeline Harpman

    A Girl’s Story, Anne Ernaux

    The Woman Destroyed, Simon De Beauvoir

    Doppelganger, Naomi Klein

    A Woman, Sibilla Aleramo

    Your Silence Will Not Protect You, Audre Lorde

    Study for Obedience, Sarah Bernstein

    Biography of X, Catherine Lacey

    Still Born, Guadalupe Nettel

    Recollection of my Non-Existence, Rebecca Solnil

    Reading Lolita in Tehran, Azar Nafisi

    The Days of Abandonment, Elena Ferante

    Of Cattle and Men, Ana Paula Maia

    A Woman is no Man, Etaf Rum

    Assembly, Natasha Brown

    Death in her Hands, Ottessa Moshfegh

    Enter Ghost, Isabella Hammad

    Sex and Lies, Leila Slimani

    Drive Your Plow Over The Bones of the Dead, Olga Tokarczuk

    Mutual Aid: Building Solidarity During this Crisis, Dean Spade

    Let This Radicalize You, Kelly Hayes & Mariame Kaba

    Men Who Hate Women, Laura Bates

    The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin

    Hood Feminism, Mikki Kendall

    Women, Race & Class, Angele Y. Davis

    Men Explain Things to Me, Rebecca Solnit

    Invisible Women: Data Biased in a World Designed for Men, Caroline Criado Perez

    A Room of One’s Own, Virginia Woolf

    We Should All Be Feminist, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

    Freedom As A Constant Struggle, Angela Davis

    Woman Hating: A Radical Look at Sexuality, Andrea Dworkin

    Hood Feminism, Mikki Kendall

    On Women, Susan Sontag

    On Women On The Ground: Essays By Arab Women Reporting From The Arab World

    Becoming Abolitionsit, Police, Protests, and The Pursuit of Freedom, Derecka Purnell

    Dear America: Notes of an Undocumented Citizen, Jose Antonio Vargas

    Go Tell It On The Mountain, James Baldwin

    Nervous Conditions, Tsitsi Dangarembga

    Jesus and John Wayne, Kristin Kobes Du Mez

    Poverty By America, Matthew Desmond

    One Nation Under Guns, Dominic Erdozain

    The Heat Will Kill You First, Jeff Goodell

    Caste, Isabel Wilkerson



    To Women who live in:

    El Savador, Malta, Phillipines, San Marino, Andorra, Eygpt, Haiti, Iraq, Mauritiania, Senegal, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Republic of the Congo, Suriname and Alabama, American Somoa, Arkansas, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Mariana Islands, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virgina, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, South Carolina, Nebraska, North Carolina, Guam, Arizona, Utah

    Look to:

    Vitamin C (2-4 times a day), Mugwort, Dong Quai, Black Cohosh, Mothetwort, Damiana, Tansy, Anjelica Root, Queen Anne’s Lace, and Thuja.

    Websites:

    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2024/jul/29/abortion-laws-bans-by-state

    https://www.insidehighered.com/news/government/politics-elections/2024/07/11/how-project-2025-could-radically-reshape-higher-ed

    https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2024/11/tulsi-gabbard-nomination-security/680649/

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem

    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c977njnvq2do

    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c79zxzj90nno

    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4gx3kkz8z3o


  • Space, Gender and Chastity: Domestic Space in The Rape of the Lock.

    Space, Gender and Chastity: Domestic Space in The Rape of the Lock.

    Literature 1550-1740, Term 2.

    Judith Butler in Gender Trouble (1989) develops the relationship between gender and space through a cultural discourse. An unprecedented work, Butler’s aim shifts the reflection of gender to the corporeal – the body, and by relation, the space in which the physical and mental are shaped by social intrusion. When addressing Alexander Pope’s, The Rape of the Lock, domestic space becomes a cultural and social inscription which is repressive toward women and an unexplored political playground roaming with the women’s plight toward sexual purity. Domestic space shapes the repressive nature spurred by class and patriarchal objectives until chastity defines the characteristics of a women.  

    Re-worked alongside theory, domestic space leans into dichotomies that allows for cultural inscription, a feat best represented by the Oxford Dictionary as they characterized the space to exist as, “The apartheid system dichotomized physical space into masculine and feminine categories, marginalizing the feminine1.” It is practical to notice the dualism, which must be addressed, where women’s domestic space caters to expansion, possibility, and subversive positions which warrants the growth of children, partners, and their developing passions, leaving the mother, daughter, or wife to cater excruciatingly to a force- fed oppression: “Women were relegated to the inferior physical and social space of the homelands where they were expected to farm, raise children, and care for the sick and elderly2.” In replicating the domestic space in The Rape of the Lock, Pope’s execution becomes fluid and satirical, relegating Beauty as a willingly, yet violent adornment alongside the female body, whose vain rituals profess an innocence not yet known to the woman.   

    Revisiting Butler, her suggestions of ‘cultural inscription’ and the body follows Pope’s domestic space of marriage and class, a notion summed up as,  

    “Space is never neutral but always discursively constructed, ideologically marked, and shaped by the dominant power structures and forms of knowledge… space is both created and articulated through cultural discourse, including gender discourse. Thus, we cannot grasp space outside a socially meditated perspective.3” 

    Pope drives the perception of wealth and space satirically in one excerpt, denoting the jewels and objects adorning the main character, Belinda, as a foolish desire the wealthy place on insignificant items. Class is seen as: 

      “Whether the Nymph shall break Diana’s law, / Or some frail China jar receive a Flaw, / Or stain her Honour, or her new Brocade, / Forget her Pray’rs, or miss a Masquerade, /Or lose her Heart, or Necklace, at a Ball;/ Or whether Heav’n has doom’d that Shock must fall.4” 

    Represented by ‘frail China,’ or her ‘new Brocade,’ the objects surrounding the female character shapes both a metaphysical and domestic space aligned with conforming to beauty practices upheld from a ‘socially meditated perspective,’ whose yearning for marriage is a presentation of ‘her Honour.’ In mock-epic fashion, Belinda’s description of wealth pervades human protection, as the Sylphs surround the embellished and objectifiable lady, leaving Pope to pursue the permeation of the body through the adornment of wealth and established performativity of gender roles: “Form a strong Line about the Silver Bound, / And guard the wide Circumference around.” (ii.121-122) The fixation on the ‘Necklace’ and a ‘Heart’ situate the body and the material in the same category of space – domestic, as Belinda unconsciously indulges the prospect of her situated repression – a decision by Pope, which posits her outside a space of volition and feeds into the class-act of marriage and wealth. The ‘circumference’ of Sylphs surrounding Belinda introduces the skin as a mode of space, a quality capable of permeation and personal condemnation, whose association to gender discourse, brings about the plights of the domestic space, as a limit to the female self:  

    “What constitutes the limit of the body is never merely material, but that of the surface, the skin, is systemically signified by taboos and anticipated transgressions indeed, the boundaries of the body become, within her analysis, the limits of the social per se5”  

    Now, the existence of space from the self to the social creates a distinction of physical limitations; performativity rest upon the beauty of her skin, its likeness to grace and wonders distinctive of innocence until the body performs its own objectivity – she enacts her own gender discourse through a desired cultural inclusion.  

    The significance of the domestic space is rendered to the adequacy of the female body, the forced objective beauty that is: “Th’ inferior Priestess, at her Altar’s side, / Trembling, begins the sacred Rites of Pride.” (i.127-28) Pope’s verbal control toward terms like ‘sacred’ and the aforementioned ‘pride’ by extension must exist in the domestic space of femininity – exemplifying the required attention the body must hold for the women. It is a space worthy of adoration and touch, where ‘rites’ signify the opportunity the woman holds, leaving the ‘trembling’ as Pope’s chosen dichotomy in the sentence: does the sacred nature of feminine rituals driven by excitement of reenactment or nervous acceptance toward her guarded purity and vanity she must act upon? 

    Ending physical permeation of the female body, one last signification of the domestic space is the internalization of the female body and young girls. Introducing Braidotti, Lois McNay states simply, “The internalization of representation of the female body by women is fundamental to the formation of the feminine identity.6” The formation is drawn clearly in Pope’s text, compared quickly alongside Belinda’s evolving vanity, and one which characterizes the female body as less, due to the directive nature one must adopt: “’Tis these that early taint the Female Soul, / Instruct the eyes of young Coquettes to roll, / Teach Infant Cheeks a bidden Blush to know, / And little Hearts to flutter at a Beau.” (i.87-90) Pope’s reference to ‘taint’ corresponds with his mock-epic attitude, drawing upon the absurdity of social adherence, the forceful nature of desire, seduction, and innocence that must be catered to, even when innocence is all the young body holds. The domestic space is manipulated, so much so that the submission must be unnatural – formulated for social coherence and the uplifting of gender roles, and in Butler’s simplest words, performative, until the body is lacking in space completely. 

    Hovering in the realm of the metaphysical, the metaphorical ‘rape’ of Belinda exposes the manipulation of the domestic space and repression of the female body by means of chastity. When positioning the ‘natural’ alongside the female body in Pope’s mock-epic, it becomes “…a device central to the legitimation of certain strategies of oppression,” until it lacks the signification held toward beauty and ornamental jewels of the self – a disruption to the desirable objectification of a ‘body [as] a site of conquest.7”. Belinda’s honed acceptance must follow and indulge toward repression, of self and sexual identity, until she foster’s the decoration of her own virginity, as Pope writes, “Fair Tresses Man’s Imperial insnare, / And Beauty draws us with a single Hair.(ii. 27-28)” The dichotomy rest in Belinda’s internalized and furthered materialized objectification of her beauty – a cultural process spurred by a patriarchal body, while also characterizing the male self to egregious behaviors akin to ‘rape’ and ‘insnare.’ The permeation of this dichotomy rest internally for Belinda, and it is only until the ‘rape’ of her lock is orchestrated by the Baron, does the domestic space wither: “So long my Honour, Name, and Praise shall live!” (iii.170) From her rage-filled declarations, the representation of the female body loses touch with feminine objectification when it eventually becomes ‘conquered,’ or when the honor and name have been stripped of pure, virgin innocence. The woman assembled through mock-epic fight scenes permeate a physical domestic space, where skin contends with its own internal and external oppressors and moral plights induce the voice of women such as Clarissa, Thalestris, and Belinda. 

    Quickly, Foucault’s revaluation of women and their bodies produces a hierarchy of their repression, noted as, “…individuals as docile bodies has the effects of pushing women back into the position of passivity and silence8.” The construction of metaphysical conceptions like honor, pride, and vanity develops what domestic space is and its significance to the female self; It was a rite of passage and a representation of women’s suppression, generational to “her Mother’s hairs/ Which long she wore, and now Belinda wears.” (v. 95-6) Pope references these facets of identity in multiples, contriving, “He spoke, and speaking, in proud Triumph spread / The long-contended Honours of her Head.” (iv.139-140) The hair as a metaphor for rape, or seizing, delineates ‘docile bodies’ enacting ‘passivity’ genealogically, until the unitary movement of the body, the objectified female self and the space in between becomes “a construction, a product of the effects of power.9” This ‘construction,’ lies within the critical nature of man described by Pope, as the female self internalized honor and pride and vanity on man’s decisive rule, yet it was used against them for their sexual identity and objectifiable pleasure.  

    Domestic space is arguably a metaphysical conception, overarchingly dependent on the women’s existence and played by Pope to represent the potential reversal of power between men and women. Canto V redefines the significance of domestic space, as women “killed him with a frown / She smil’d to see the doughty Hero slain” (v.68-9), or the echoing of Belinda’s rage-filled desires, “Restore the Lock! She cries; and all around / Restore the Lock! the Vaulted Roofs rebound.” (v.103-04) The female body, in the domestic space, warrants voice past the expression of honor or virtue but rather violence shed from lack thereof, and rather utilizes the metaphysical to create what can be termed a new ‘domestic space.’ Foucault redefines this shift as a“discourse [which] transmits and produces power; it reinforces it, but also undermines and exposes it, renders it fragile and makes it possible to thwart it.10” Pope’s decision to ‘thwart’ the systematic power over women, to alter the significance of the domestic space, is delivered by Clarissa, whose moral address is noted as such: “Think not, when Women’s transient Breath is fled, / That all her Vanities at once are dead” (i.51-52). Sequentially, the women’s consciousness and further assertions toward their vain plights recognizes space as its own body, capable of change and fluid movements must death alter the current inferiority of the female body, and rather renders the domestic space in favour of their own, personal space. Naturally, the power is seized from men the moment Belinda’s lock of hair tumbles into space, or what Pope denotes as “the shinning Sphere!” (v.143-44). 

    The figurative “domestic space,” the female body encounters welcomes a navigation not only through the construction of gender and sexual identity, but its interaction with metaphysical space and personal identity. Through Alexander Pope’s, The Rape of the Lock, and philosophers such as Judith Butler and Michel Foucault, the significance of space can be critically analysed through cultural inscription, and as a result, the spatial and social begin to develop the performativity of gender past the dichotomy of a domestic space. It is through these articulations that the female self is positioned past the theoretical to the present, capable body, much like Pope’s Belinda.  

    Bibliography: 

    A Dictionary of Geography. ‘Domestic Space,’ oxfordreference.com <https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095725760

    Butler, Judith. 1990. ‘Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions’ in Gender Trouble. Routledge 

    Jagger, Gill. 2008. ‘Judith Butler: Sexual Politics, Social Change and the Power of the Performative.” Routledge 

    McNay, Lois. 1992. ‘Foucault and Feminism: Power, Gender, and the Self.’ Polity Press 

    Pope, Alexander. 2007. The Rape of the Lock. (Vintage) 

    Wrede, Theda. 2015. ‘Theorizing Space and Gender in the 21st Century.’ Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association 

  • Men and their Insatiable Need for Murder: The Rise in Intimate Femicide


    Trigger Warning: The following content contains graphic details of the brutality women have faced. Rape, assualt, murder, and abuse surrond this topic. Due to the nature of article, no explicit reference will be made to minors due to the often cruel nature of the crimes. Read with caution.

    To every women who is reading this, I hope you never feel sorry again.

    “Globally, women are much more likely than men to be assualted, raped, or killed by a current or former partner. Intimate femicide most often occurs within relationships where there is a history of intimate partner violence”

    The Female Body is transparent, designed of shapes descended from goddesses, who lay in bundles of leaves and wine-muddled nights. Rich, almost decadent, women have an assembly line of face products, body-only lotions, oils meant for skin and others poured for sweet-smelling vapor. Each wardrobe is lined in ripped pantyhose, men’s large jumpers, and socks dedicated to zoo animals. We come from backgrounds of standing long periods of time, automated with battery-powered lights should the ones littered on our bodies die out, with performative rules and an abundance of sticky notes fallen at our feet. We are made of eight PM curfews, turned nine, turned to always have a friend with you just to make it out alive that night. Must our body be shown on diagrams, littered on magazine covers and male-teenage posters for their new band, a distance must be enacted where their hold on my left hand is forced down their body, and my right grasps to the holes he feels is his right. We were never told it was possible to save some things for ourselves. Our bedtime stories told of the unkempt bedrooms, messy hair, moments of responsibility that resemble the dirty piles of clothes, the forgotten linen, why don’t you start dinner tonight, hunny? The existence of motherhood is stationary, a knowing duty we must fulfill when blood is seeped between each thigh, a mother’s guiding hand on the small of the back barely touched by summers of sunscreen, will begin to gather fingertips spread to bruise and hands meant to cover. The female body is to spin, rotate in abnormal ways only picturesque by men, worthy of a spot in their camera roll. We are of bent knees, commercials selling liquor, a mouth to hold a cigarette, a few crinkled dollars bills, but deprived a moment to eat, a conversation to speak in, their hands our down our throat, covering the expanse of our skin, our moment of pain is their moment to cum. We must be held on a leash, a room dedicated to collars and whips funded by the bank of the patriarchy, must we hold the hand of a male relative and accept the compliments of our beautiful, adult body on our thirteenth birthday. On every cover of a bad sex novel, we become the breast meant to hold the hand, a sticky brain muddled by a common voice, a symbol of the patriotic, a body once more conquered at the existence of a dick and two hands. The female body is a natural resource, stripped of her own kingdom, by her designated ability to provide, whose only measure of success is her potential to avenge her own mother and every woman who has come before her.

    The Sexual Nature

    In wake of this atrocious headline, I want to first suggest a plausible foundation that induces psychological depravities linked to intimate murder. Subreddits are ‘moral’ intersections of the internet and unethical desires, a forum to divulge in fantasies that come with mutual suffering and forced introversion, yet due to the unlimited access children and adults with respectable careers have, taboo ideologies infiltrate our soppy brains, muddling each personal belief until one is subservient, a hanging tongue and arched back, to their own wrong-fuelled desires. Horrific examples remain as such: 44(m) I jerked off to the thought of my daughter away at college. I admit I’m a dad cuck and I obsess over the idea of my daughter with men. She’s in college now and I know she’s probably getting up to all kinds of ‘fun’ which simultaneously scares me as her father and gets me so turned on.

    When it comes to pornography, we make horrific use of it. The love for debasement, raunchy moments muddled with sweat, weak-kneed seconds pushed against walls, counters, washing machines. There is a known objective – the woman to be on her knees, a bearer of handcuffs and rope, suspended, thrown, shoved, until she folds onto herself, a noticeable moment of her youth, an unconscious plea to protect the beat between her breasts. She is to become nothing more than a still in a photograph, her hair splayed across the whitened sheets, her mouth slightly parted with the needed occasion to finally breathe since he came in contact with her. Yet, the noticeable ‘softness’ outlined above exists on the baseline of violence women accept in intimacy, a simple surrender or enjoyment of sexual escapades, and men’s intimacy lies in a psychological debasement, a voiced approval of ownership, of inequality, and eventually the sexual nature of men relies on an inherent need to exterminate the existence of women, because they are women. It developed taboo concepts, of the immoral justifications attached to such ideologies, of sexual encounters centered around incest, engaging with animals or minors, etc. because men can assert power to those who were once stripped of any voice at all. It leads them into moments at night with a lit-up screen centered close to their face, a closed door and lotion on hand, any link to violence, cruelty, a moment to laugh at falling tears and heartfelt screams, lead to dopamine rushes and chasing highs. The emotions are turned off as quickly as their laptop screen is shut, the display of a woman trapped behind his dirtied display, her pain to be felt for his next time around.

    Imagine a world in which thousands of men band together, united by a common code of vitriolic rage, demonizing and railing against evil, soulless, greedy women, graphically plotting their rape and destruction in a glorious bigoted uprising. Imagine a world in which some men actually enact such fantasies, killing women in mass murders, leaving behind manifestos explaining the ideology that drives them to commit these acts of terrorism2. While society dances around labels, rather regurgitating such atrocities could only exist to ‘other’ men, the ‘lone’ wolves, the ‘deranged’ ones, accountability becomes an intentional fallacy, existing outside of the mention of masculinity, of gender stereotypes and inequality, until the action of murder upon a women leaves him an outlier, an aberration, and she, another statistic. The degradement of women cannot be complete without the mention of incels, whose forums, posts, articles, etc. compile to form their own personal victimization toward their lack of sexual intimacy, creating a community of men lonely in action and marginalized to be ‘involuntarily celibate’, indoctrination becomes a safe desire, and responsibility is once more placed on women to perform, a characterization which coincides with split-gendered societies. An ideology molded by internet rhetoric, spewing accusations, anger, their sexual frustration, containing the same arguments, claimed by 13-year-old boys and men four decades older, quotes the same false statistics, claims, allegations until their philosophy is governed by the hatred of women in every facet of life. With this, the threat toward women’s lives are consistently the same, until the violence simmers, boiling into the same question, why is men’s first threat to a women rape? A rather disturbing fascination with her genitals, the crux of a woman, an identifier between herself and a presenting male. Could it be a symbol of feminity, antithetical to masculinity, leaving it sacred to our own identification of ourselves? A compulsion to demolish the barrier of consent by the act of taking with insertion, a need vice for domination? Even with the consistent threat of rape, the question of our honesty is always negated, a pathway to corner us as liars of the very thing they hold over our heads. Inferiority, victimhood, lack of relation, will eventually condemn women to the same historical inequalities we were once targeted with.

    “Since they deserved to [be] raped, I cannot concern myself the pain rape causes them”

    Comment on an Incel Forum2

    The Political Nature

    Globally, 137 women and girls are killed by a family member or intimate partner every single day. The result is more than 50,000 femicides each year.

    I find it necessary, in the constantly published articles and news stories, to divulge the nature of their crimes by way of their titles. Only the names of the women affected are mentioned alongside. They go as such: [French husband ‘spent ten years drugging his wife at night and filming at least 83 men raping her after finding them on depraved ‘Without her knowing’ website dedicated to sex with unconscious victims’] Françoise, 70 [A drunk man was arrested while raping his minor daughter in the street of Saint Quentin. The victim indicated that she has been raped by her father for most of the day] [Mum and daughter, 6, shot dead and dumped in the basement after row over PS5] Aisha Nelson, 31, and Harper Monroe, 6. [Man jailed for 10 years for raping a girl who was later murdered by her brother] Amber Gilson, 16 [A Florida Man is charged with murder in the death of his wife, whose remains were found in the suitcase] Aydil Barbise Foutes, 80 [Brian Walshe killed and dismembered his wife Ana Walshe and disposed of her remains in dumpsters because HE wanted to end their marriage] Ana Walshe, 39, Mother of 3.[Iranian Man sentenced to eight years for beheading his 17-year-old wife] Mona Heydari, 17.

    The death sentence is all the same, the consequence barely wavering. Almost like a teacher’s pet, men come in late, lacking culinary skills and responsibility, filled with laughter and some need to throw things, no pencils nor backpack, the teacher will gaze around, a subtle cue to tone it down, to sit in their seat, but no work is ever done, no given consequence. As a society, we can acknowledge that femicide is a crime, constituted under the common law of murder, but it becomes tolerated by public systems, officials, government operations on the notion of it being a gender-based discrimination. If we are to lead closely by definition, the target of femicide coincides with terrorism, no? Creating intentional violence and fear to achieve political or ideological aims seems accurate, already plausible. Must we conclude that such nonreaction is an answer in itself, that to embellish and recreate new laws, women have to be invited at all. Where women lead only 13 countries out of the existing 1933, nine of them being the first female serving leaders their country has seen, in which capacity could our voice be heard without death or injustice being a needed cause to finally listen?

    Here are a few laws where women lack legal protection against violence and equality: The Equal Rights Amendment (US), Equal Pay Act (US), certain provisions in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (US), Overturning of Roe v Wade (US), Section 76 of the Serious Crime Act (UK), Domestic Abuse Bill (UK), Title VII Civil Right Act (US), Slapping Law (Russia), Malta’s Criminal Code of 1854 (Malta), Hostile Environment Policy (UK). The European Parliment writes, “In a summary of the global extent of violence against women, UN Women has estimated that of the 87000 women who were intentionally killed in 2017, more than 50,000 (58%) were killed by their own family members every day. Adult women account for almost half (49%) of all human trafficking victims and 75% of child trafficking victims are girls. In total, 72% of trafficked people are female. It is estimated that there ar 650 million women and girls in the world today who were married before the age of 18, at least 200 million women and girls aged 15-49 have undergone FGM and approximately 15 milion adolescent girls (aged 15 to 19) worldwide have reportedly experienced forced sex (including forced intercourse or other sexual acts) at some point in their lives. Although these abuses are not femicides, many femicides are linked to or precipated by them” Naturally, the list will continue, destructive in their creation, minor in legal disruption, where prevention v response is lacking in either reaction, and seeking justice or legal equity is often not initiated by women who experience rape or abuse, whose only blame is our legal system to being with.

    The expansiveness of the term, femicide, leads to various issues due to its inclusivity, marking a greater region of violence not yet acknowledged or fought for, the term includes such: Intimate partner femicide, killings of women due to the accusations of witchcraft, so-called honor killings, killings in the context of armed conflict, dowry-related killings, killings of aborginals and indegious women, killing as a result of sexual orientation or identity, etc. Children are to be included in this term, yet due to their inability to have ‘rights’ in the legal system, nor any physical or emotional experience, their mistreatment and abuse are incredibly hard to target, due to the power of the ‘adult’ voice. Henceforth, we have a standard of violence, marked in the fields listed above, where enacting or participating in intentional brutality has rarely any legal consequence when their relationships are considered, leading to previous acts as such: Property Crime charge if a woman was to be raped, and affected the status of the father due to his claim of his daughter being ‘property’ rather than the violence enacted onto the women5. The treatment is the same, with widely circulating Twitter threads quoting, “the phase where you slowly start hating your girlfriend is crazy,” (Twitter, @sk1tguru) “Three ways to consciously manipulate women before they subconsciously manipulate you” (TheRedPill Archive) “The most efficient and benevolent method of extracting the desired value out of the interactions you have with females is to punish and reward her by giving and withdrawing your attention,” (TheRedPill Archive) “it is ‘evolutionarily advantageous for a 40-year-old man to hit on a 15-year-old girl. Just because there’s a law doesn’t mean 15-year-old girls were always considered out of bounds (subreddit r/TheRedPill, republican lawmaker Robert Fisher)6 “I have never concealed my intense dislike for the devolved creature, the ‘woman’” (Comment on MGTOW forum, Men Going Their Own Way). With such widespread opinions, how do you differentiate a solution? The issue can be labeled as too expansive, broad, lacking shape, and due to its widely accepted nature, one must become fanatical about change. It delves into the corruption of systems, institutions, cultures, social policies, government bias, etc. and while there is change women have enacted through socio-economic and political protest, (i.e Suffrage Movement – the 19th Amendment, Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights Irrespective of Gender – Iceland, Women’s Anti-Pass March, 1956), the lack of action in judiciary courts leaves women to the same denouement: death.

    To keep this short, as a daughter, there is a high possibility I can die at the hands of a man, of a relative, walking down the street or shopping in the mall (Ecole Polytechnique Massacre, Elliot Rodger7 – Isla Vista Massacre, etc.). I could lose my mother, an aunt, my two sisters to misogynistic violence, hate crimes, to hands other than their own. Every single one of them will have a mother who weeps at the tragedy, the brutality, the amount of blood and lack of life. Their situations could become comparable as they share the pictures of bruises and scars, the warning signs or the lack of them, of the fear and anger as each of them thought their own daughter could have a better chance than them. Women of Color, Indigenous Communities, LGBTQ+ women, will rally and extend warning braches of caution, of fear, of experience, of mistreatment, prejudice, injustice and no voice to carry over the hurt, blame, contempt, and one more missing daughter.

    The Opinion

    How much should I give of myself, which is to say, if I were to hand over my body for the use of the man’s pleasure, there would be nothing left of use for me. I could simply not object, repress and sequester my simple, soft body, but what peace offering could I possibly give when they already take with none? My relationships have become perplexing, often muddled, diluted enough to allow myself interaction with men at all. I could be labeled a misandrist at times, my words coarse and unwelcome, usually the first to point at the flaws, pinpoint the horrifying nature of their actions – (not contained by a simple time period, but rather a baseline to our timeline of humanity). I could complain of the wrongness of their normalcy or their marked persona of inability in relationships and personal development. It might rid me of such headaches, hands clenched between keys, over cups, grasping each hand of our friend as we make way to the bathroom, laughing with hands over mouth and smiles hidden behind each finger. I would lose my identity as a woman the more I deny the violence of men.

    We are not guaranteed life, might I argue women are denied even more, given even less, forced to breathe on the occasion it contains the context of ‘help’. If we become women, which is to say we are thirteen with three children around our hips and dinner on the table, may we cater to another load, wash three sets of hands, make each single bed without worry to ours. They hold each day in their cat-filled calendar, three years overdue, packed with glitter x’s and school field trips, neatly stacked in their ‘box of memories’, a needed burial to attend such nightly duties. They become 25 before they are 16, which is to say, they have been catcalled, groped, assaulted, bled, wiped clean three times over and dirtied the next four. You no longer look like a child, so you must be a woman – their attention will never make it past your breast. You will drink, lay on the bathroom floor, huddled over toilets and steering wheels, constantly folded down must we cover the breast that protects the heart. Your life will become a long line of “fine”. You are closer to death than any man ever was.

    Should such a conclusion be viable in terms of my words? I have little to offer other than experience, of feeling, of contempt, of anger, of fear, of bruises, of memories. I am rocked by men who have surrounded me, fostered me, held the tiny hand, the small toes, the children’s books, and the baby food. What am I to make of them on the subway, on sidewalks, in grocery stores, their own house, who am I to become by knowing them? Lessons become finicky over the centuries, a variation, a fracture, a division of sacrifice over practicability, I get lost in the knowledge that a before and after must exist in situations, but there has only been strange, ordinary middles and simple known verities. Must we put a moral truth on the death of women, might we begin to question the existence of men, at all. Might we finally become women. 


    1 Stockl H., Devries K., Rotstein A., Abrahams M., Campbell J., Watts C., Garcia Moreno C. (2013). The global prevalence of intimate partner homicide: A systematic review. The Lancet, 382, 859-865.

    2: Men Who Hate Women, Laura Bates

    3: Pew Research Center, “Fewer than a third of UN member states have ever had a woman leader”

    4: European Parliment, “Preventing, Protecting, and Providing access to Justice: How can states respond to femicide?”

    5: “The Government Has a Long History of Controlling Women — One That Never Ended”, Brennan Center for Justice

    6: Reddit’s TheRedPill, notorious for its misogyny, was founded by a New Hampshire state legislator, Vox 2017

    7: Polytechnique Massacre, Wikipedia